, have upon the apparent distance of the object. Don't
be content to memorize the following data, but go after the underlying
reason in each case.
Objects seem nearer than they actually are:
1. When the object is seen in a bright light.
2. When the color of the object contrasts sharply with the color of the
background.
3. When looking over water, snow, or a uniform surface like a wheat
field.
4. When looking from a height downward.
5. In clear atmosphere of high altitudes, as in Arizona and New Mexico.
Objects seem more distant than they actually are:
1. When looking over a depression in the ground (across a canyon).
2. When there is a poor light (very cloudy day) or a fog.
3. When only a part of the object can be seen.
4. When looking from low ground upward toward higher ground.
ESTIMATING DISTANCES BY SOUND
Sound travels at the rate of about 366 yards a second. Therefore,
multiply the number of seconds intervening between the flash of the gun
and the report of the same by 366, and the product will be the distance
in yards to the gun.
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